Asset Turnover
Working capital items such as inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable represent the day-to-day financing requirements a company faces. Without inventory there can be no sales, etc. Most of the activity ratios focus on these working capital needs.
However, simply having working capital is not enough. Wal Mart could have all the inventory in the world, but without the store to put it in it would still have no business. Although the store does not constantly have to be replaced, it is essential to conducting business and requires ongoing support in the form of renovation, repairs, etc.
The final activity ratios measure how efficiently a company puts these longer-term assets to use. In other words, how much sales can the company generate given a certain amount of assets in place. The resulting ratio, asset turnover, can be expressed using solely long-term assets or by using total assets. The latter measure incorporates working capital efficiency as well. In either case, the numerator is sales and the denominator is the average asset value (long-term or total) during the period being measured.
Below is the data used to calculate both long-term asset turnover and total asset turnover for Plantronics, Inc.
The Intelligent Investor: The Classic Text on Value Investing
Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide, 3rd Edition
Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process (CFA Institute Investment Series)
