How to Increase Economic Value Added (EVA)
Economic Value Added, or EVA, is a proprietary residual income model developed by Stern Stewart & Company. In its basic formulation, EVA equals net operating profits after tax (NOPAT) less the dollar weighted average cost of capital ($WACC).
Given this formulation, the ways a management team could increase the firm’s EVA would be to:
- increase revenue
- minimize operating expenses needed to generate a given amount of revenue
- produce the same goods and services using less capital
- invest additional capital in opportunities that will earn more than the associated capital charge
- reduce the cost of capital
The Intelligent Investor: The Classic Text on Value Investing
Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide, 3rd Edition
Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process (CFA Institute Investment Series)