The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Index Funds
The efficient market hypothesis implies that, on average, active managers will not be able to outperform the overall market on a risk-adjusted basis, after fees. The implication of this is that, unless the manager has access to superior research analysts, portfolios should be managed passively. Passive management should result in lower fees for the same average performance.
Index funds are designed to passively mirror the performance of a given index, thus providing passive management.
For more information, see all articles on: Active Management, Investing in Stocks, Investment Returns, Passive Management See also:
The Intelligent Investor: The Classic Text on Value Investing
Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide, 3rd Edition
Managing Investment Portfolios: A Dynamic Process (CFA Institute Investment Series)